According to the principle, fiber optic gyroscopes can be divided into interference type, resonance type, and Brillouin type. This is the first generation interference Fibre-optic gyroscope of the third generation fiber optic gyroscope. At present, this technology is mature and suitable for large-scale production and commercialization; The second generation resonant fiber optic gyroscope is still in the practical stage of laboratory research and development; The third generation Brillouin style is still in the theoretical research stage.
According to the optical components used, there are three implementation methods for fiber optic gyroscope structures: small discrete component systems, all fiber systems, and integrated optical component systems. The discrete optical component technology has been largely withdrawn. All fiber optic systems are used for open loop, low precision, and low-cost optical fibers. Among the gyroscopes, the integrated optical device gyroscopes are popular among high-precision Fibre-optic gyroscope because of their simple process, good overall repeatability and low cost. 2、 Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors.
At present, one of the research hotspots in the field of sensors both domestically and internationally is that fiber Bragg grating sensors can be basically divided into two categories: light intensity type and interference type light intensity type sensors. The disadvantages of these sensors are unstable light sources, fiber loss, and easy aging of detectors; Interferometric sensors require fixed reference points and are inconvenient to apply because they require equal light intensity between the two interfering optical channels.
At present, fiber Bragg grating sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings can avoid the above two situations. The sensing signal is wavelength modulated and has strong multiplexing ability. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are the most ideal sensing components suitable for applications such as building health testing, impact testing, shape control, and vibration damping testing. Fiber Bragg grating sensors are widely used in Geodynamics, spacecraft, power industry and chemical sensing fields.
3、 Fiber optic current sensor
Fiber optic hydrophones are mainly used for measuring underwater acoustic signals. It converts underwater acoustic signals into optical signals through highly sensitive fiber optic coherent detection and transmits them to a signal processing system for recognition. Compared with traditional hydrophones, fiber optic hydrophones have high sensitivity, wide response band, and no electromagnetic interference. They are widely used in military and oil exploration, environmental testing, and other fields, and have great development potential. According to the principle, fiber optic hydrophones can be divided into interference type, intensity type, grating type, and other interference type fiber optic hydrophones. Key technologies are gradually developing and maturing, forming products in some fields. Fiber Bragg grating hydrophones are currently a hot research topic. Key technologies include light sources, fiber optic devices, probe technology, anti polarization fading technology, anti phase fading technology, signal processing technology, multiplexing technology, and engineering technology.
Combining these types of applied fiber optic sensors, let's take a look at the fiber optic sensors in practical applications.
The application of fiber optic sensors in peripheral security is among many peripheral security monitoring technologies, and fiber optic sensing technology stands out and can achieve almost all the functions of traditional sensors. It can detect various physical quantities, such as displacement, vibration, pressure, temperature, velocity, and flow rate. It has high sensitivity and is electromagnetic free. Radiation, large dynamic range, and wide adaptability are the mainstream directions for the development of security technology. In the field of fiber optic sensing security applications, various types and functions of fiber optic detectors have been successfully developed and applied to government, military, banks, airports, ports, oil companies, nuclear power plants, etc., including border, pipeline, communication, municipal, prison security monitoring, etc.
